Semiotika Arsitektur sebagai Pendekatan dalam Memahami Simbol Budaya pada Bangunan Tradisional

Abstract

Traditional architecture is a cultural representation that serves not only as shelter but also as a medium for conveying a society's values, identity, beliefs, and worldview. This study analyzes traditional architecture as a sign system, particularly to understand the symbolic meaning of downward-tapering triangular forms. The research employs a qualitative-descriptive approach using literature review and visual text analysis. Data were obtained from scientific articles, building documentation, architectural drawings, and previous studies discussing semiotics, traditional architecture, spatial planning, tectonics, ornamentation, and cultural preservation. The analysis was conducted by identifying the relationship between signifiers and signifieds, classifying signs as icons, indices, or symbols, and examining their denotative and connotative meanings. The results indicate that traditional architecture can be understood as a cultural communication system shaped through three main domains: the spatial domain, the structural and tectonic domain, and the ornamentation and decorative arts domain. Downward-tapering triangular forms may have technical, visual, and symbolic functions, but their meanings are not universal and must be interpreted based on the cultural context of their supporting community. The semiotic approach makes an important contribution to architectural preservation because it enables conservation to be carried out not only on physical forms but also on the accompanying meanings, local knowledge, traditional techniques, and social practices.