Analisis Risiko Keterlambatan Proyek Konstruksi Menggunakan Metode Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33096/9xb9ng97Abstract
Pengendalian waktu dan biaya merupakan faktor penting dalam keberhasilan proyek konstruksi gedung. Keterlambatan pelaksanaan dan pembengkakan biaya masih sering terjadi akibat kompleksitas pekerjaan, perubahan kondisi lapangan, serta kurang optimalnya sistem pengendalian proyek. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja waktu dan biaya menggunakan metode Earned Value Management (EVM) serta mengidentifikasi risiko keterlambatan proyek dengan metode Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode studi kasus berdasarkan data Rencana Anggaran Biaya (RAB), Kurva-S, laporan progres fisik, biaya aktual, dan identifikasi risiko proyek. Analisis EVM dilakukan melalui perhitungan Planned Value (PV), Earned Value (EV), Actual Cost (AC), Cost Variance (CV), Schedule Variance (SV), Cost Performance Index (CPI), Schedule Performance Index (SPI), dan Estimate at Completion (EAC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai CV sebesar –Rp200.000.000 dan SV sebesar –Rp400.000.000, yang menunjukkan adanya pembengkakan biaya dan keterlambatan pelaksanaan. Nilai CPI sebesar 0,96 dan SPI sebesar 0,92 menunjukkan bahwa kinerja biaya dan jadwal berada di bawah rencana. Nilai EAC diperkirakan mencapai Rp10.416.667.000 atau 4,17% lebih tinggi dari anggaran awal. Analisis FMEA menunjukkan tujuh risiko utama berkontribusi 82,45% terhadap total RPN. Integrasi EVM dan FMEA efektif digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja proyek dan menentukan prioritas mitigasi risiko.
References
Acebes, F., Pereda, M., Poza, D., Pajares, J., & Galán, J. M. (2024). Stochastic earned value analysis using Monte Carlo simulation and statistical learning techniques. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.02589
Acebes, F., Poza, D., González-Varona, J. M., & López-Paredes, A. (2024). Stochastic earned duration analysis for project schedule management. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.01614
Anwar, M., Kurniyaningrum, E., Pontan, D., & Innavona. (2024). Evaluation of cost and time performance control using the earned value management method. Eduvest, 4(11). https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i11.49920
Assaf, S. A., & Al-Hejji, S. (2006). Causes of delay in large construction projects. International Journal of Project Management, 24(4), 349-357.
Carbone, T. A., & Tippett, D. D. (2004). Project risk management using the project risk FMEA. Engineering Management Journal, 16(4), 28-35.
Dumlu, A. (2020). FMEA-based methodology for delay analysis of construction projects [Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University].
Flyvbjerg, B., Ansar, A., Budzier, A., Buhl, S., Cantarelli, C., Lunn, M., ... & Viegas, J. M. (2018). Five things you should know about cost overrun. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 118, 174-190.
FMEA-based framework for cost risk mitigation in building construction projects. (2025). Vorteks.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning
Muhammad, F. Y., et al. (2025). Design of project risk management to mitigate schedule delays in construction projects. Journal of Business Technology.
Project Management Institute. (2021). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK® guide) (7th ed.). Project Management Institute.
Project Management Institute. (2017). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide) (6th ed.). Project Management Institute.
Ramos, C., de la Cruz, M. P., & González, P. A. (2024). Value creation through the management of project risks and opportunities: A holistic framework for sustainability. Sustainability, 16(2), Article 753. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020753
Sambasivan, M., & Soon, Y. W. (2007). Causes and effects of delays in Malaysian construction industry. International Journal of Project Management, 25(5), 517-526.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure mode and effect analysis: FMEA from theory to execution. Quality Press.
